Pulau Dua
Location:
6°01'S, 106°12'E; in Banten Bay on the north coast of Java, 70 km west of Jakarta, West Java.
Area:
30 ha.
Altitude:
0-4m.
Biogeographical Province:
4.22.12.
Wetland type:
03, 04, 05, 06 & 07.
Description of site:
Pulau Dun is a low-lying island of about eight ha, the northern part of which consists mainly of mangrove forest. Parts of the island which were once cultivated are now covered in secondary scrub. Pulau Dua and a small coral island (Pulau Satu) lying approximately 600m to the east are included in a Nature Reserve which also includes a 200m wide buffer zone extending southward into the area of fish ponds on the adjacent coast.
Climatic conditions:
Humid tropical maritime climate with an annual rainfall of 1,000-2,500 mm, the rain falling throughout the year. Average temperatures range from 18-22°C.
Principal vegetation:
Mangrove communities: Avicennia marina is dominant in the younger s:ands of forest; older stands include Rhizophora spp, Lumnitzera racemosa, Aegiceras corniculatum, Sonneratia alba, Bruguiera cylindrica and Avicennia marina. Secondary growth in areas of abandoned cultivation is dominated by Hibiscus tiliaceus, with Sterculia foetida, Allophylus cobbe, Ixora timorensis, Tamarindus indicus and Erythrina sp.
Land tenure:
State owned (PHPA).
Conservation measures taken:
Pulau Dun (8 ha) has been protected as a Nature Reserve since 1937. In December 1984, the protected area was extended to 30 ha by including the Avicennia marina forest.
Land use:
Nature conservation; aquaculture, fisheries and recreation in surrounding areas.
Disturbances and threats:
Disturbance from fishing activities close to the island, collection of birds' eggs for human consumption, the cutting of firewood, and the conversion of mangrove areas to fish ponds. Visiting tourists, scientists and students cause a considerable amount of disturbance to the breeding birds.
Economic and social values:
The island has great potential for tourism because of its large waterfowl populations. The area has high scientific value as one of the major waterbird colonies in Java, and has a long history of scientific research.
Fauna:
Pulau Dun is one of the two most important breeding sites for colonially nesting cormorants, herons, egrets, storks and ibises in Java. In 1985, there were at least 7,500 nests of Il species: Phalacrocorax niger, Ixobrychus cinnamomeus, Nycticorax nycticorax, Butorides strialus, Ardeola speciosa, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta sacra, E. garzetta, E. alba, Ardea sumatrana and Plegadis falcinellus. Five species which formerly bred on the island, Anhinga rnelanogaster, Ardea purpurea, Mycteria cinerea, Threskiornis melanocephalus and Platalea leucorodia, have ceased to do so, probably because of excessive disturbance. A sixth species, E. garzetta has also ceased to breed in recent years. Other waterbirds which have been recorded in the reserve include Fregata andrewsi. Anas gibberifrons, Pandion haliaetus, Haliasgur indus, Rallus striatus, Pluvialis dominica, Charadrius mongolus, Numenius phaeopus, Tringa nebularia, T. glareola, Actitis hypoleucos and Calidris ruficollis. Reptiles include Varanus salvator and Mabouya mullifasciata.
Special floral values:
No information.
Research and facilities:
Aliport and Wilson (1986) carried out a waterfowl survey in 1985.
References:
Allport & Wilson (1986); Direktorat P.P.A. (1978a & l980f); Milton & Marhardi (1985 & 1986).
Criteria for Inclusion:
1b, 2b, 2c, 3a.
Source:
Marcel J. Silvius.