Pulau Bawean
Location:
5°43'-5°52'S, 112°34'-112°48'E; in the Java Sea, 110 km north of mainland Java (150 km north of Surabaya) and about 250 km south of Kalimantan, East Java.
Area:
20,000 ha Wildlife Reserve 1,220 ha Telaga Kastoba Lake c.24 ha.
Altitude:
Sea level to 655m.
Biogeographical Province:
4.22.12.
Wetland type:
05, 07, 14 & 19.
Description of site:
The island of Bawean is the remains of an old volcano; it is roughly circular in shape with an average diameter of about 15 km and an area of about 20,000 ha. The' oldest, outermost crater is no longer easily distinguishable, but a more recent crater containing the lake Telaga Kastoba is readily identifiable. This lake is about 600m long and 400m wide, and has a maximum depth of 140m. There are many streams and also hot springs in limestone areas at four different elevations on the island. In coastal areas, the soils consist of alluvial river deposits of grey clay; these are used for the cultivation of rice. There are many small patches of mangrove swamp around the coast. Most of the human population is concentrated near the coast and on the south side of the island.
Climatic conditions:
A rather dry tropical monsoonal climate. The heaviest rains and strongest winds occur during the northwest monsoon, from December to March (1,000 mm of precipitation). The driest months are July (50 mm) and August (23 mm). The average daily maximum temperature is about 30°C, the average daily minimum 24.5°C.
Principal vegetation:
Mangrove forest characterized by species such as Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata and Bruguiera cylindrica. Common plants elsewhere on the island include Barringtonia asiatica, Calophyllum inophyllum, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Vitex sp, Canarium asperum. Pternandra coerulescens, Ixora sp, Ficus sp, Symplocos adenophylla and Eugenia lepidocarpa.
Land tenure:
State owned (Government of Indonesia).
Conservation measures taken:
None.
Conservation measures proposed:
An area of 1,220 ha has been proposed as a Wildlife Reserve, and a managment plan has been prepared (WWF, 1979).
Land use:
Fishing, agriculture and teak plantations.
Disturbances and threats:
Illegal wood-cutting, deliberate burning of vegetation, shifting cultivation and hunting.
Economic and social values:
No information.
Fauna:
The island is especially important as the home of the threatened Bawean Deer. Other mammals include Sus verrucusus, Viverricula malaccensis, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Hystrix javanica, Macaca fascicularis, Pteropus sp, Cynopterus brachyotis and Megaderma spasma. Waterfowl and sea-birds include Fregata minor, Nycticorax nycticorax, Ardea purpurea, Gelochelidon nilotica, Sterna sumatrana and S. anaethetus. Reptiles and amphibians include the Estuarine Crocodile Crocodylus porosus, Varanus sp, Python reticulatus, Bungarus candidus and Bufo sp.
Special floral values:
No information.
Research and facilities:
Blouch and Sumaryoto (1978) carried out a preliminary survey of the status of the Bawean Deer.
References:
Blouch & Sumaryoto (1978); Blower (1975); WWF (1979).
Criteria for Inclusion:
1b, 2a.
Source:
Agustinus W. Taufik.