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CONTENTS
MESSAGE
FOREWORD
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
AN OVERVIEW
I. Scope and Methodologies of the Review
II. Summary of Results
III. Priority Marine Areas
IV. Priority Actions and Recommendations
Table i.1 Counts of reef-associated fish in FishBase as of March 1995,
for the seven ASEAN member countries (FAO areas 51,57 and 71).
Table i.2 Government Authorities for MPAs of nine ASEAN member countries
Table i.3 Representation of MPAs in the nine ASEAn member countries
Table i.4 Number of priority MPAs of global/regional (A) and national (B) significance
Table i.5 List of existing (E) and proposed (P) MPAs of regional (A) and national
(B) conservation priorities.
Figure i.1 Clinal distribution of the scleractinian coral genera showing the highest generic distribution in the vicinity of the ASEAN region
Figure i.2 Indicative size frequency of some marine protected areas in the ASEAN
1. BRUNIE DARUSSALAM
Background Facts
1.1 Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
1.2 Species of Significance
1.3 Legislation and Management Framework
1.4 Extent of Existing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) System
1.5 Proposed Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
1.6 Evaluation of MPAs - Status, Threats and Management
1.7 Priority Sites
1.8 Priority Actions
Table 1.1 Environmental Legislation in Brunie Darusslam
Table 1.2 Marine Protected Areas in Brunei Darussalam
Figure 1.1 The different environmental threats that affects thae coral reefs of Brunie Darussalam
2. CAMBODIA
Background Facts
2.1 Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
2.2 Significant Species
2.3 Legislation and Administrative Framework
2.4 Extent of Existing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) System
2.5 Proposed MPAs
2.6 Evaluation of MPAs - Status,Threats and Management
2.7 Gaps in the MPA System
2.8 Priority Sites
2.9 Priority Actions
Table 2.1 Marine Protected Areas in Cambodia
Figure 2.1 The different environmental threats that affect the coral reefs of Cambodia
3. INDONESIA
Background Facts
3.1 Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
3.2 Species of Significance
3.3 Legislation and Management Framework
3.4 Extent of the Existing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) System
3.5 Proposed Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
3.6 Evaluation of MPAs - Status, Threats and Management
3.7 Gaps in the MPA System
3.8 Priority Sites
3.9 Priority Actions
Table 3.1 Legislative measures in relation with the management and
protection of Indonesia's marine and other natural resources
Table 3.2 Distribution of Existing and proposed MPAs in the different Biogeographic Divisions
Table 3.3 Marine Protected Areas in Indonesia
Figure 3.1 Threats to MPAs of Indonesia and to the country's coral reefs in general
4. MALAYSIA
Background Facts
4.1 Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
4.2 Species of Significance
4.3 Legislation and Management Framework
4.4 Extent of the Existing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) System
4.5 Proposed Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
4.6 Evaluation of MPAs - Status, Threats and Management
4.7 Gaps in the MPA System
4.8 Priority Sites
4.9 Priority Actions
Table 4.1 Federal laws relevent to parks and especially marine areas
Table 4.2 Sabah laws relevant to parks and marine areas
Table 4.3 Sarawak laws relevant to parks and marine areas
Table 4.4 Turtle nesting sites in Penisula Malaysia and Sarawak that may be proposed for protection
Table 4.5 Marine Protected Areas in Malaysia
Figure 4.1 Threats to MPAs of Malaysia and to the country's coral reefs in general
5. MYANMAR
Background Facts
5.1 Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
5.2 SignificanT Species
5.3 Legislation and Management Framework
5.4 Extent of the Existing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) System
5.5 Proposed MPAs
5.6 Evaluation of MPAs - Status, Threats and Management
5.7 Gaps in the Existing MPA System
5.8 Priority Sites
5.9 Priority Actions
Table 5.1 Marine Protected Areas in Myanmar
Figure 5.1 Environmental threats to the coral reefs of Myanmar
6. PHILIPPINES
Background Facts
6.1 Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
6.2 Species of Significance
6.3 Legislation and Management Framework
6.4 Extent of the Existing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) System
6.5 Evaluation of MPAs - Status, Threats and Management
6.6 Proposed Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
6.7 Gaps in the MPA System
6.8 Priority Sites
6.9 Priority Actions
Table 6.1 Environmental Legislations in the Philippines
Table 6.2 Summary of the total number of MPAs of different categories
Table 6.3 Summary of Philippine MPAs recordeed in 1995, 1997 and 2000
Table 6.4 Priority Sites for Marine Biodiversity Conservation in the Philippines
Table 6.5 Important Marine Protected Areas and Management Areas in the Philippines
Figure 6.1 Threats to MPAs of the Philippines and to the country's coral reefs in general
7. SINGAPORE
Background Facts
7.1 Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
7.2 SignificanT Species
7.3 Legislation and Management Framework
7.4 Extent of the Existing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) System
7.5 Proposed MPAs
7.6 Evaluation of MPAs - Status, Threats and Management
7.7 Gaps in the Existing MPA System
7.8 Priority Sites
7.9 Priority Actions
Table 7.1 Marine Protected Areas in Singapore
Figure 7.1 The different environmental threats that affect the coral reefs of Singapore
8. THAILAND
Background Facts
8.1 Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
8.2 Significant Species
8.3 Legislation and Management Framework
8.4 Extent of the Existing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) System
8.5 Proposed Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
8.6 Evaluation of MPAs - Status, Threats and Management
8.7 Gaps in the MPA System
8.8 Priority Sites
8.9 Priority Actions
Table 8.1 National Marine Parks (IUCN category II) of Thailand
Table 8.2 Marine Protected Areas in Thailand
Figure 8.1 Threats to MPAs of Thailand and to the country's coral reefs in general
9. VIETNAM
Background Facts
9.1 Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
9.2 Species of Significance
9.3 Legislation and Management Framework
9.4 Extent of Existing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) System
9.5 Proposed Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
9.6 Evaluation of MPAs - Status, Threats and Management
9.7 Priority Sites
9.8 Priority Actions
Table 9.1 Marine Protected Areas in Vietnam
Figure 9.1 Threats to MPAs of Vietnam and to the country's coral reefs in general
MAPS
Map 1 Types of Marine Protected Areas in Southeast Asia
Map 2 Marine Protected Areas in Brunie Darussalam; East and West Malaysia, and Singapore
Map 3 Marine Protected Areas in Cambodia
Map 4 Marine Protected Areas in Central Indonesia
Map 5 Marine Protected Areas in Western Indonesia
Map 6 Marine Protected Areas in Eastern Indonesia
Map 7 Marine Protected Areas in Myanmar
Map 8 Marine Protected Areas in the Philippines
Map 9 Marine Protected Areas in Thailand
Map 10 Marine Protected Areas in Vietnam
REFERENCES
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